کتاب

کتاب

با سلام به دوستان عزیز،

پس از مدتها مجدداً با ارائه مطالب جالب در زمینه بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط زیست در خدمت شما خواهم بود. بی صبرانه منتظر دیدن و شنیدن نظرات شما هستم. در ادامه، مطلبی را در مورد تشعشع می خوانید. 

Silicosis

 

Silicosis is caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. Crystalline silica is a basic component of soil, sand, granite, and most other types of rock, and it is used as an abrasive blasting agent. Silicosis is a progressive, disabling, and often fatal lung disease. Cigarette smoking adds to the lung damage caused by silica.

 

Effects of Silicosis

 

• Lung cancer – Silica has been classified as a human

lung carcinogen.

• Bronchitis/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder.

• Tuberculosis – Silicosis makes an individual more

susceptible to TB.

• Scleroderma – a disease affecting skin, blood vessels,

joints and skeletal muscles.

• Possible renal disease.

 

Symptoms of Silicosis

 

• Shortness of breath; possible fever.

• Fatigue; loss of appetite.

• Chest pain; dry, nonproductive cough.

• Respiratory failure, which may eventually lead to death.

 

Sources of Exposure

 

• Sandblasting for surface preparation.

• Crushing and drilling rock and concrete.

• Masonry and concrete work (e.g., building and road

construction and repair).

• Mining/tunneling; demolition work.

• Cement and asphalt pavement manufacturing.

 

Preventing Silicosis

 

• Use all available engineering controls such as blasting

cabinets and local exhaust ventilation. Avoid using

compressed air for cleaning surfaces.

• Use water sprays, wet methods for cutting, chipping,

drilling, sawing, grinding, etc.

• Substitute non-crystalline silica blasting material.

• Use respirators approved for protection against silica;

if sandblasting, use abrasive blasting respirators.

• Do not eat, drink or smoke near crystalline silica dust.

• Wash hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking

away from exposure area.

 

Common Mistakes in Confined Space Monitoring

 

A confined space is no place to "learn as you go." Learn how to avoid these potentially deadly errors in the work world's most dangerous spaces.

 

by Thomas Suski

 

Learning from practical, real-world experience often requires learning from your own mistakes. In many cases, this can be an effective way of developing greater levels of competence and understanding in a given subject. Unfortunately, when mistakes are made in confined space monitoring, the cost of this education is often measured in the number of lives lost.

The deadly nature of confined spaces leaves little room for error and even less opportunity to "learn as you go." Learning about some common mistakes before entering a confined space will go a long way toward establishing a workplace air monitoring program based on industry best practices.

 

1 – Not knowing standards and recommendations

 

2 – Using your own senses

 

3 – Disregarding the importance of training

 

4 – Not implementing a gas monitor maintenance program

 

5 – Not knowing which toxic gases may be present

 

6 – Not performing a pre-entry test

 

7 – Considering the confined space safe after pre-entry testing

 

8 – Not assigning an "attendant"

 

9 – Not having an emergency plan

 

Head Protection

When do my employees need head protection?

You must provide head protection for your employees if:

• Objects might fall from above and strike them on the head
• They might bump their heads against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes or beams; or
• They work near exposed electrical conductors
• What should I look for in head protection?

 

In general, protective helmets, or hard hats, should

• Resist penetration by objects
• Absorb the shock of a blow
• Be water resistant and slow burning, and

 

Come with instructions explaining proper adjustment and replacement of the su Hard hats require a hard outer shell and a shock-absorbing lining. The lining should incorporate a head band and straps that suspend the shell from 1 to 1 1/4 inches (2.54 cm to 3.18 cm) away from the user's head. This design provides shock absorption during impact and ventilation during wear.

 

As with devices designed to protect eyes, the design, construction, testing, and use of protective helmets must meet standards established by ANSI. Protective helmets purchased after July 5, 1994, must comply with ANSI Z89.1-1986,(7) whereas, those purchased before this date must meet the ANSI Z89.1-1969 standard.spension and headband.

 

 

What types of head protection are available?

 

Hard hats are divided into three industrial classes:

 

Class A. These helmets are for general service. They provide good impact protection but limited voltage protection. They are used mainly in mining, building construction, shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing.

 

Class B. Choose Class B helmets if your employees are engaged in electrical work. They protect against falling objects and high-voltage shock and burns.

 

Class C. Designed for comfort, these light-weight helmets offer limited protection. They protect workers from bumping against fixed objects but do not protect against falling objects or electric shock.

 

Look at the inside of any protective helmet you are considering for your employees, and you should see a label showing the manufacturer's name, the ANSI standard it meets, and its class. Figure 2 shows the basic design of hard hats.

 

How do I choose the correct protective helmets from among the different types?

Each kind of protective helmet is designed to protect against specific hazards. By completing the hazard assessment outlined above, you will identify the specific workplace hazards that pose a threat to your employee's head.

 

I have purchased new hard hats that meet the ANSI requirements. Have I fulfilled my responsibility to protect my employees' heads?

 

No. Issuing appropriate head protection to employees is a major first step, but you must make sure that the hard hats continue to provide sufficient protection to your employees. Do this by training your employees in the proper use and maintenance of hard hats including daily inspection of them. If your employees identify any of the following defects, remove the hard hats from service:

 

The suspension system shows signs of deterioration such as:

• Cracking
• Tearing
• Fraying

The suspension system no longer holds the shell from 1 inch to 1 1/4 inches (2.54cm - 3.18cm) away from the employee's head. The brim or shell is cracked, perforated, or deformed. The brim or shell shows signs of exposure to heat, chemicals, ultraviolet light, or other radiation. Such signs include:

 

• Loss of surface gloss
• Chalking
• Flaking (a sign of advanced deterioration)